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The EyesDrive system finds use in several 'old-style' assistive medical devices: the frontend can control a wheelchair direction, making the use of it more natural.

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To prevent the user injuring themselves the Microcontroller has an integrated software 'Leads-off detection' system, that triggers an emergency stop if one of the electrodes gets unplugged from the user. To reduce the mains line hum, both the common-mode rejection ratio of the INA and the filters in the amplifier aren't enough: the EyesDrive AFE drives an active electrode far from the eyes to a known potential, reducing drastically the overall noise. The other stages of the analog chain filter and adjust the signal to be ready to be classified by the microcontroller.

The signal acquisition chain begins from the EOG signal amplification: an Instrumentation Amplifier increases the corneo-retinal potential until the wanted result is reached. Its distinctive and easy to implement protocol permits to implement EyesDrive assistive technology theoretically to any device possible.

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The EyesDrive heart is its frontend: it transmits the user's eye position via a Bluetooth interface to any connected compatible device. The whole EyesDrive system was designed as an aid device for people with movement diseases: mapping eyes movement to an external system can make those people overcome the difficulties of the disease. Moving eyes leads to an electric potential difference between both eyes: the electrode facing the rotation side is positive relative to the other electrode.Įlectrooculography has both advantages and disadvantages compared to other eyes position detection systems: the main advantage is the ability of this method to sense eye movement in all scenarios: with or without light and in every environment with the lowest interference. With the eye pointing straight, the electrodes have the same electric potential, so any signal isn't recorded.

The corneo-retinal standing potential and the eye movement allow the measurement of a signal known as Electrooculogram.

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Therefore, eye movements can be detected by placing electrodes on the skin in the area of the head around the eyes. As the eye rotates, the field vector rotates correspondingly. This potential sets up an electrical field in the tissues surrounding the eye.

Initially they thought it was muscle activity, but later on it was discovered that these electrical potentials are generated by the eye, being a fixed dipole with a permanent potential difference which exists between the cornea and the retina: the corneo-retinal standing potential. In the 20s it was discovered that, by placing electrodes near the eyes, electrical activity could be recorded. The project is based upon the Electrooculography technique, already known in medical fields for diagnosis. EyesDrive is a new, non-invasive, human interface assistive device that uses eyes movement to control any compatible electronic device, such as a wheelchair, the mouse pointer, or a car steering wheel.